PHILOSPHICLAL IMPLICATIONS OF AN EX-CON UNIVERSE
Richard Quistcopyright@2023
According to the ex-con approach to describing the creation and expansion of the Universe its apparent expansion can be mathematically described in terms of rates of contraction for the velocity of light in combination with an early rapid overall expansion in the size of the Universe, this now known as “Inflation”. I maintain that if this is the case, there are intrinsic major philosophical implications that come with it.
In order to compare this approach to physics with the present approach let us first consider an example where the Universe is simply a sphere with a radius that expands from a size of 1 Planck length to its present size at the velocity of light. This produces a straightforward one directional expansion rate of c. After approximately 8.06 x 10^60 Planck time units (tp), about 13.8 billion years, the radius of the Universe would measure approximately 13.8 billion light years in length, though because of consequences of “Inflation” it is measured to be larger, about 42 light years.
Next consider a Universe that begins with a radius equal in size to 1 Planck Length, but with a Planck Length that contracts in size with time according to the equation, PLt=Ui/(T+1), where PLt equals Planck’s length at the time considered, Ui equals the initial size of the Universe and T equals the number of Planck time units that have passed since the beginning of time in the Universe. This would mean that Planck’s length begins as equal in length to the radius of today’s Universe, this rather improbable. However, for a third example we can use this contracting concept with a Planck length that begins as larger than today’s Planck length but smaller than the radius of today’s Universe. This “hybrid” Universe of expansion and contraction can be described in terms of an initial size for Planck's length, PLi, equal to [Ur/((Tp)^1/2)], where PLi equals the initial Planck’s length, Ur equals the present radius of the Universe, Tp equals the today’s age of the Universe in Planck time units. Using PLi = [Ur/((Tp)^1/2)], about 4.5x10^-5 m, as the initial size of Planck’s length gives us the opportunity to combine an expansion rate for the overall size of the Universe based on the equation Ur = ((T+1)^1/2)PLi, with a contraction rate for Planck’s length based on the equation PLt = PLi/[(T+1)^1/2], where PLt equals Planck’s length at the point in time considered, and T equals the number of Planck time units that have passed since the beginning of the Universe and PLi is the initial size of Planck’s length. Since PLi equals PLt(T+1)1/2), Ur= PLt(T+1)^1/2)(T+1)^1/2), this equal to Ur=(T+1)PLt. This gives us a Universe that gives the same result in terms of apparent size as the first example with a simple straightforward expansion.
Inflation can be incorporated into this model by having the Universe rapidly expand from a size of approximately (4.57x10^-5 m) to its present size in a fraction of a second instead of gradually expanding over the life of the Universe, this made possible because of the concept of time contraction. With the Ex-Con approach, we can say that the Universe begins as constant in size with a contracting Planck length but then rapidly expands early in its formation, the effects of this expansion being the same as the effects of what is known today as “inflation”. Combined properly, these rates of expansion and contraction can produce roughly the same results for measured expansion rates of the Universe as obtained through today’s standard approach.
In order to obtain these similar results for the apparent expansion rate for the Universe, let’s assume that during the first approximately 2.22x10(-36) sec that the velocity of light, initially with a size of approximately 1.6x10^-5m, contracts according to the equation c=Ci/(T+1), where Ci equals the initial size of c and T equals the number of Planck time units that have passed since the beginning of the Universe. It only contracts at this rate for a period of approximately, Tp^1/8 tp, (approximately 2.22x10(-36)) sec., with this contraction then almost completely stopping for a period of about 2.83 x 10^15 tp, or approximately (1x10^-28) - (2.22x10(^-36) seconds. We now can now account for “inflation” by adding an early extreme overall expansion of the Universe caused by a time contraction. While both Planck’s length and the speed of light's contraction rates reduce to almost zero, at the same time an overall expansion ultimately expands the Universe in size by a factor of approximately Tp^1/2, where Tp is the number of Planck time units that have passed the beginning of the Universe. Multiplying this result by 3 gives the approximate actual radius of the Universe, about the same size as today’s. (This added expansion factor is needed because when one considers contraction of space as I’ve presented it, one must consider it along a line in the two opposite directions. The initial contraction causes a division of the initial sphere into 3 spheres, one on each side of a center sphere. These spheres represent distinct non-dilated positions in space. In a single dimension this happens on both opposite sides of the original sphere, and the result is a Universe with a diameter that is 6 times larger than the radius of the constant sized spheres relative to which Planck’s length contracts.)
Now we can say that from this point on the size of Planck’s length begins to contract at a rate equal to the "hybrid" Universe's contraction rate in the third example above, which is the change of PL = -PLi/((T+1)^1/2)^2 per tp, this equal to -PLi/(T+1) per tp, We now can determine the size of the Universe as perceived by an observer at any point in time by recognizing that the perceived size is determined not just by its actual size but also by the size of Planck’s length at the time. Since this is larger in the past for an observer in the past the Universe will appear to be smaller for that observer than for an observer in the present. Consequently, for an observer at any given time after the first approximately 1x10^-28 seconds have passed in the Universe the size of the Universe will be perceived to be equal to [(T+1)^1/2)Ur/(Tp)^1/2], where T equals the number of Planck time units that have passed since the beginning of time in the Universe for the point in time considered, Tp is the current age of the Universe in Planck time units, and Ur is the radius of the today’s Universe, a radius that is first achieved at the end of the extreme expansion that occurred during its inflationary period. The results roughly match current observations of the expanding Universe.
These rates of expansion are derived simply through rates of contraction and expansions in the size of space and the measuring standards we use for measuring space, without even considering General Relativity’s spacetime and gravity, indicating that mass and gravity form according to a predetermined “map” formed by the expanding and contracting nature of the Universe. Also, this is a predetermined map not based on probabilistically generated paths, a major philosophical difference from today’s conventional approach. It is not probabilistic because Ex-Con Theory’s “time contraction” provides a basis for instantaneous communication and thus a hidden variable theory, eliminating the need for probability.
Details of this positioning map can be derived from the forms and rates of contraction just described, giving the approximate sizes for what I refer to as “realms of action”, which define fundamental forms for the fundamental substances and forces of the Universe. These realms of action can be derived for both macro space (space-time), and micro space (quantum distances), and represent quantum levels of contraction. Some examples of these “realms of action” are those that determine the size and positions of the “filaments” that show where galaxies form, another where stars form, another the macro-micro transition size, including atoms, nuclei, quarks etc. Refer Ex-Con Physics, Richard Quist copy@2020.
Another major feature of the ex-con approach is that all points in time can be described by a relative size for the distance scale (speed of light) that applies at that point in time, with the smaller future distance scales being “contained” by the past scales. Since the distance scale at each point in time is unique to that point in time, all points in time can be described as existing simultaneously in the same volume of space, though with different sized distance scales, this determining what can interact with physical reality at that point in time, including the perception module known as a human being. The issue as to where an observer is in time then becomes a question as to which distance scale is perceived by the observer, and not as to what exists, since all points in time exist simultaneously. Since this is the case, in the description of the rapid overall expansion described above, we can include a theoretical time contracted (time accelerated) time continuum where the velocity of light contracts faster, by a factor of 1/(Tp^(1/2)), over the expansion period, and this would the give us a perception of the Universe that looks like ours does today, this achieved in less than 1x10^-28 secs.
Moving beyond physics, Ex-Con theory reveals a major reasoning error in today’s philosophical understanding of scientific research and theory. Presuming, as do today’s scientists, that since current mathematical approaches to describing physical and chemical phenomena are so successful you can simply translate the same approach and logic to biology and psychology is wrong. Both physics and chemistry are extremely susceptible to description by pure mathematics, as the structures and mechanisms of interactions follow mathematical logic. Yet when it comes to biology and psychology there is no known specific mechanism that governs the interactions of living organisms. It is simply assumed that it is sufficient that the physical structures that comprise living organisms be ordered in a way that the summation of physical and chemical interactions cause the unique capabilities and activity of living things. Since there is no known mechanism of life, or “life force”, but just the mechanisms of physics and chemistry, scientific analysis in these fields is reduced to simply statistically analyzed data. My Ex-Con approach shows that there can be a new force that is essential for life, a “life force”, that operates through time, not just in time, and this is the essential attribute that characterizes a living organism. This capacity to perceive through time defines life.
Perceiving through time is a unique characteristic of a living organism with a “life force”. Remembering the past and anticipating the future are fundamental to life. According to today’s view this is achieved only when a physical structure has the appropriate attributes to interact with physical reality in such a way that it can physically “record” the past and in some way logically anticipate the future. With the ex-con approach this physical structure also enables the body of the organism to interact with a time penetrating semi-corporeal energy that enables the organism to, in a manner, “touch” the past and the future, providing the potential for almost total access to perceptions of the past and of aspects of the future that are already determined. If this energy form exists, without an understanding of this type of energy we can only have a limited understanding of perception, as we do now with the present approach.
Continuing the same line of reasoning, the Ex-Con approach can also define the human soul. A soul can be described as comprised of a semi-corporeal substance that exists at all points in time simultaneously. Since the existence of the soul is not differentiated in time, it exists as one unit through time, which gives itself a sense as a single, whole, being. A mind is the interface between the body and soul. It has its own distinct energy field that enables the soul to perceive reality through both its own body and its mind’s imagination. This makes it possible to consider the soul, mind, and physical body a single unified entity. The energies of the soul, mind, and body work together, each with their distinct energies sourced from the same primordial source that produced the natural physical Universe.
It should be made clear here that I am proposing that the life force, soul and mind are semi-corporeal supernatural metaphysical entities, as opposed to what would be the “substance” of God, which would be completely incorporeal.
Another philosophical issue for which the Ex-Con approach provides unique explanations is free will. With the Ex-Con approach free will comes into effect when beings with souls or a similar metaphysical structure come into existence. Before free willed beings exist, there can be no changes to the path physical reality follows in time. Since all these unchangeable points in time exist simultaneously, time during this period can be considered as a single block of time, a type of time quantum unit with no differentiation between the beginning and the end because there can be no change from the beginning to end of the time block. While the physical structures always obey the physics law of time as we presently know them, Ex-Con’s laws of perception define human beings as structures that perceive, and alter perceptions of, reality, and only perceive and experience time in terms of the potential changes in perceptions of reality, these brought on by acts of free will over time. Only free willed choices alter details of future realities that are perceived by human beings, both as individuals and as members of the communal human vision. Before beings with free will exist, there can be no changes to perceived physical reality. It is our free willed choices that determine the exact reality we will perceive in the future. Consequently, it is what we will possibly perceive as reality in the future that should matter to us, since all things that can possibly exist already exist, while it is our perception of reality that determines how we interact and experience that reality.
Richard Quistcopyright@2023
According to the ex-con approach to describing the creation and expansion of the Universe its apparent expansion can be mathematically described in terms of rates of contraction for the velocity of light in combination with an early rapid overall expansion in the size of the Universe, this now known as “Inflation”. I maintain that if this is the case, there are intrinsic major philosophical implications that come with it.
In order to compare this approach to physics with the present approach let us first consider an example where the Universe is simply a sphere with a radius that expands from a size of 1 Planck length to its present size at the velocity of light. This produces a straightforward one directional expansion rate of c. After approximately 8.06 x 10^60 Planck time units (tp), about 13.8 billion years, the radius of the Universe would measure approximately 13.8 billion light years in length, though because of consequences of “Inflation” it is measured to be larger, about 42 light years.
Next consider a Universe that begins with a radius equal in size to 1 Planck Length, but with a Planck Length that contracts in size with time according to the equation, PLt=Ui/(T+1), where PLt equals Planck’s length at the time considered, Ui equals the initial size of the Universe and T equals the number of Planck time units that have passed since the beginning of time in the Universe. This would mean that Planck’s length begins as equal in length to the radius of today’s Universe, this rather improbable. However, for a third example we can use this contracting concept with a Planck length that begins as larger than today’s Planck length but smaller than the radius of today’s Universe. This “hybrid” Universe of expansion and contraction can be described in terms of an initial size for Planck's length, PLi, equal to [Ur/((Tp)^1/2)], where PLi equals the initial Planck’s length, Ur equals the present radius of the Universe, Tp equals the today’s age of the Universe in Planck time units. Using PLi = [Ur/((Tp)^1/2)], about 4.5x10^-5 m, as the initial size of Planck’s length gives us the opportunity to combine an expansion rate for the overall size of the Universe based on the equation Ur = ((T+1)^1/2)PLi, with a contraction rate for Planck’s length based on the equation PLt = PLi/[(T+1)^1/2], where PLt equals Planck’s length at the point in time considered, and T equals the number of Planck time units that have passed since the beginning of the Universe and PLi is the initial size of Planck’s length. Since PLi equals PLt(T+1)1/2), Ur= PLt(T+1)^1/2)(T+1)^1/2), this equal to Ur=(T+1)PLt. This gives us a Universe that gives the same result in terms of apparent size as the first example with a simple straightforward expansion.
Inflation can be incorporated into this model by having the Universe rapidly expand from a size of approximately (4.57x10^-5 m) to its present size in a fraction of a second instead of gradually expanding over the life of the Universe, this made possible because of the concept of time contraction. With the Ex-Con approach, we can say that the Universe begins as constant in size with a contracting Planck length but then rapidly expands early in its formation, the effects of this expansion being the same as the effects of what is known today as “inflation”. Combined properly, these rates of expansion and contraction can produce roughly the same results for measured expansion rates of the Universe as obtained through today’s standard approach.
In order to obtain these similar results for the apparent expansion rate for the Universe, let’s assume that during the first approximately 2.22x10(-36) sec that the velocity of light, initially with a size of approximately 1.6x10^-5m, contracts according to the equation c=Ci/(T+1), where Ci equals the initial size of c and T equals the number of Planck time units that have passed since the beginning of the Universe. It only contracts at this rate for a period of approximately, Tp^1/8 tp, (approximately 2.22x10(-36)) sec., with this contraction then almost completely stopping for a period of about 2.83 x 10^15 tp, or approximately (1x10^-28) - (2.22x10(^-36) seconds. We now can now account for “inflation” by adding an early extreme overall expansion of the Universe caused by a time contraction. While both Planck’s length and the speed of light's contraction rates reduce to almost zero, at the same time an overall expansion ultimately expands the Universe in size by a factor of approximately Tp^1/2, where Tp is the number of Planck time units that have passed the beginning of the Universe. Multiplying this result by 3 gives the approximate actual radius of the Universe, about the same size as today’s. (This added expansion factor is needed because when one considers contraction of space as I’ve presented it, one must consider it along a line in the two opposite directions. The initial contraction causes a division of the initial sphere into 3 spheres, one on each side of a center sphere. These spheres represent distinct non-dilated positions in space. In a single dimension this happens on both opposite sides of the original sphere, and the result is a Universe with a diameter that is 6 times larger than the radius of the constant sized spheres relative to which Planck’s length contracts.)
Now we can say that from this point on the size of Planck’s length begins to contract at a rate equal to the "hybrid" Universe's contraction rate in the third example above, which is the change of PL = -PLi/((T+1)^1/2)^2 per tp, this equal to -PLi/(T+1) per tp, We now can determine the size of the Universe as perceived by an observer at any point in time by recognizing that the perceived size is determined not just by its actual size but also by the size of Planck’s length at the time. Since this is larger in the past for an observer in the past the Universe will appear to be smaller for that observer than for an observer in the present. Consequently, for an observer at any given time after the first approximately 1x10^-28 seconds have passed in the Universe the size of the Universe will be perceived to be equal to [(T+1)^1/2)Ur/(Tp)^1/2], where T equals the number of Planck time units that have passed since the beginning of time in the Universe for the point in time considered, Tp is the current age of the Universe in Planck time units, and Ur is the radius of the today’s Universe, a radius that is first achieved at the end of the extreme expansion that occurred during its inflationary period. The results roughly match current observations of the expanding Universe.
These rates of expansion are derived simply through rates of contraction and expansions in the size of space and the measuring standards we use for measuring space, without even considering General Relativity’s spacetime and gravity, indicating that mass and gravity form according to a predetermined “map” formed by the expanding and contracting nature of the Universe. Also, this is a predetermined map not based on probabilistically generated paths, a major philosophical difference from today’s conventional approach. It is not probabilistic because Ex-Con Theory’s “time contraction” provides a basis for instantaneous communication and thus a hidden variable theory, eliminating the need for probability.
Details of this positioning map can be derived from the forms and rates of contraction just described, giving the approximate sizes for what I refer to as “realms of action”, which define fundamental forms for the fundamental substances and forces of the Universe. These realms of action can be derived for both macro space (space-time), and micro space (quantum distances), and represent quantum levels of contraction. Some examples of these “realms of action” are those that determine the size and positions of the “filaments” that show where galaxies form, another where stars form, another the macro-micro transition size, including atoms, nuclei, quarks etc. Refer Ex-Con Physics, Richard Quist copy@2020.
Another major feature of the ex-con approach is that all points in time can be described by a relative size for the distance scale (speed of light) that applies at that point in time, with the smaller future distance scales being “contained” by the past scales. Since the distance scale at each point in time is unique to that point in time, all points in time can be described as existing simultaneously in the same volume of space, though with different sized distance scales, this determining what can interact with physical reality at that point in time, including the perception module known as a human being. The issue as to where an observer is in time then becomes a question as to which distance scale is perceived by the observer, and not as to what exists, since all points in time exist simultaneously. Since this is the case, in the description of the rapid overall expansion described above, we can include a theoretical time contracted (time accelerated) time continuum where the velocity of light contracts faster, by a factor of 1/(Tp^(1/2)), over the expansion period, and this would the give us a perception of the Universe that looks like ours does today, this achieved in less than 1x10^-28 secs.
Moving beyond physics, Ex-Con theory reveals a major reasoning error in today’s philosophical understanding of scientific research and theory. Presuming, as do today’s scientists, that since current mathematical approaches to describing physical and chemical phenomena are so successful you can simply translate the same approach and logic to biology and psychology is wrong. Both physics and chemistry are extremely susceptible to description by pure mathematics, as the structures and mechanisms of interactions follow mathematical logic. Yet when it comes to biology and psychology there is no known specific mechanism that governs the interactions of living organisms. It is simply assumed that it is sufficient that the physical structures that comprise living organisms be ordered in a way that the summation of physical and chemical interactions cause the unique capabilities and activity of living things. Since there is no known mechanism of life, or “life force”, but just the mechanisms of physics and chemistry, scientific analysis in these fields is reduced to simply statistically analyzed data. My Ex-Con approach shows that there can be a new force that is essential for life, a “life force”, that operates through time, not just in time, and this is the essential attribute that characterizes a living organism. This capacity to perceive through time defines life.
Perceiving through time is a unique characteristic of a living organism with a “life force”. Remembering the past and anticipating the future are fundamental to life. According to today’s view this is achieved only when a physical structure has the appropriate attributes to interact with physical reality in such a way that it can physically “record” the past and in some way logically anticipate the future. With the ex-con approach this physical structure also enables the body of the organism to interact with a time penetrating semi-corporeal energy that enables the organism to, in a manner, “touch” the past and the future, providing the potential for almost total access to perceptions of the past and of aspects of the future that are already determined. If this energy form exists, without an understanding of this type of energy we can only have a limited understanding of perception, as we do now with the present approach.
Continuing the same line of reasoning, the Ex-Con approach can also define the human soul. A soul can be described as comprised of a semi-corporeal substance that exists at all points in time simultaneously. Since the existence of the soul is not differentiated in time, it exists as one unit through time, which gives itself a sense as a single, whole, being. A mind is the interface between the body and soul. It has its own distinct energy field that enables the soul to perceive reality through both its own body and its mind’s imagination. This makes it possible to consider the soul, mind, and physical body a single unified entity. The energies of the soul, mind, and body work together, each with their distinct energies sourced from the same primordial source that produced the natural physical Universe.
It should be made clear here that I am proposing that the life force, soul and mind are semi-corporeal supernatural metaphysical entities, as opposed to what would be the “substance” of God, which would be completely incorporeal.
Another philosophical issue for which the Ex-Con approach provides unique explanations is free will. With the Ex-Con approach free will comes into effect when beings with souls or a similar metaphysical structure come into existence. Before free willed beings exist, there can be no changes to the path physical reality follows in time. Since all these unchangeable points in time exist simultaneously, time during this period can be considered as a single block of time, a type of time quantum unit with no differentiation between the beginning and the end because there can be no change from the beginning to end of the time block. While the physical structures always obey the physics law of time as we presently know them, Ex-Con’s laws of perception define human beings as structures that perceive, and alter perceptions of, reality, and only perceive and experience time in terms of the potential changes in perceptions of reality, these brought on by acts of free will over time. Only free willed choices alter details of future realities that are perceived by human beings, both as individuals and as members of the communal human vision. Before beings with free will exist, there can be no changes to perceived physical reality. It is our free willed choices that determine the exact reality we will perceive in the future. Consequently, it is what we will possibly perceive as reality in the future that should matter to us, since all things that can possibly exist already exist, while it is our perception of reality that determines how we interact and experience that reality.